All episodes of The Michael Shermer Show

The Michael Shermer Show · 2026-04-14 · 58 min · 9,858 words

What Really Prevents Cognitive Decline

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What is dementia, Alzheimer's, all this stuff and why have people been misinterpreting this? Dementia is an umbrella term that covers all causes of cognitive decline to the point of being dependent on others. A person can have memory problems and they could even have significant memor memory problems, but as long as they're functioning, they don't have dementia. But once they can't drive and they can't pay the bills and they need others to help, they reach the level of dementia, 70% environment and 30% genes.

In other words, environment has a stronger impact on who you are, what kind of brain you have, and whether or not you will stay sharp in your 80s or whether you will get demented. It's mostly in your hands and very little of it is genetic. What you eat makes a difference your brain. One study in Chicago showed that People who eat a Mediterranean diet on a regular basis and when you look at their brain after they passed away, their brains are up to 18 years younger compared to people who were eating junk food.

18 years difference in brain aging based on the food alone. Here's one more interesting fact. If you get a group of people in their 70s and put them in two groups, a fifth group and a not fifth group, the fifth group has this much more mitochondria than the other one. Now the take a group that were sedentary and put them on an exercise program for four to six months and then again do muscle biopsies and measure the level of mitochondria, boom, the same. In other words, if somebody exercises four to six months and becomes fit, they get the same overall brain health and body health as someone who's been exercising all along.

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